Occupational stress and work engagement among primary healthcare physicians: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Brazil's Family Health Strategy is based on a primary healthcare model, which is considered to have case resolution capacity, with physicians at its center. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the levels of occupational stress and work engagement among primary healthcare physicians. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A non-probability sample including 32 physicians from family health teams was used. Three self-applied instruments were used: a scale developed by the researchers seeking sociodemographic and professional variables, the Work Stress Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. RESULTS: Female professionals (59.4%), permanent employees (56.3%), workload of 40 hours per week (59.4%) and 3-10 years of acting in primary care (68.8%) were more prevalent. Six professionals (19.4%) exhibited significant stress (score ≥ 2.5). The main stressors were lack of prospects for career growth (2.9 ± 1.3), form of task distribution (2.7 ± 1.0), poor training (2.7 ± 1.2) and insufficient time to perform the job (2.6 ± 1.2). Levels of work engagement ranged from 4.3 to 4.6 and were rated as high in all dimensions. Physicians with occupational stress had average levels of work engagement, whereas those without occupational stress had high levels of work commitment. CONCLUSIONS: A notable percentage of the physicians were experiencing occupational stress. The physicians had high levels of work engagement. Occupational stress was negatively correlated with work engagement, and it significantly compromised physicians' levels of work engagement and interfered with their positive relationship with the work environment.

Occupational stress and work engagement among primary healthcare physicians: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Brazil's Family Health Strategy is based on a primary healthcare model, which is considered to have case resolution capacity, with physicians at its center. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the levels of occupational stress and work engagement among primary healthcare physicians. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A non-probability sample including 32 physicians from family health teams was used. Three self-applied instruments were used: a scale developed by the researchers seeking sociodemographic and professional variables, the Work Stress Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. RESULTS: Female professionals (59.4%), permanent employees (56.3%), workload of 40 hours per week (59.4%) and 3-10 years of acting in primary care (68.8%) were more prevalent. Six professionals (19.4%) exhibited significant stress (score ≥ 2.5). The main stressors were lack of prospects for career growth (2.9 ± 1.3), form of task distribution (2.7 ± 1.0), poor training (2.7 ± 1.2) and insufficient time to perform the job (2.6 ± 1.2). Levels of work engagement ranged from 4.3 to 4.6 and were rated as high in all dimensions. Physicians with occupational stress had average levels of work engagement, whereas those without occupational stress had high levels of work commitment. CONCLUSIONS: A notable percentage of the physicians were experiencing occupational stress. The physicians had high levels of work engagement. Occupational stress was negatively correlated with work engagement, and it significantly compromised physicians' levels of work engagement and interfered with their positive relationship with the work environment.

Career commitment and career entrenchment among Primary Health Care workers / Compromiso y afianzamiento con la carrera del personal de la Atención Primaria de Salud / Comprometimento e entrincheiramento com a carreira em trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess levels of career commitment and career entrenchment among Primary Health Care workers. Methods: This Cross-sectional study addressed 393 workers using the Brazilian versions of the Career Commitment Measure (CCM) and Career Entrenchment Measure (CEM). Results: Levels of Career commitment [75.5-77.5] were higher (p<0.001) than Career Entrenchment [66.7-69.2]. Identity levels [82.7-85.5] were higher (p<0.001) than Investment levels [60.4-65.0]. Career resilience levels [75.1-79.2] were higher (p<0.001) than Emotional costs [69.0-72.1]. Planning levels [64.2-67.1] were lower (p<0.001) than levels of limitedness of career alternatives [68.1-71.0]. Conclusion: The highest scores were obtained in Career commitment, showing the workers' identification and positive relationship with their careers, that is, these workers remain in Primary Health Care services because they identify themselves with their professions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de compromiso y afianzamiento con la carrera del personal de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado entre 393 trabajadores, en el que se utilizaron las versiones brasileras de las Escalas de Compromiso con la Carrera (ECC) y de Afianzamiento con la Carrera (EEC). Resultados: Los niveles de Compromiso [75,5 - 77,5] eran superiores (p<0,001) a los de Afianzamiento [66,7 - 69,2]. Los niveles de Identidad [82,7 - 85,5] eran superiores (p<0,001) a los de Inversión [60,4 - 65,0]. Los niveles de Resiliencia con la carrera [75,1 - 79,2] eran superiores (p<0,001) a los de Costo emocional [69,0 - 72,1]. Los niveles de Planificación [64,2 - 67,1] eran inferiores (p<0,001) a los de Limitación de alternativas [68,1 - 71,0]. Conclusión: Predominó el vínculo de compromiso con la carrera, lo que demuestra una identificación y relación positiva de los trabajadores con la misma y permanecen en la Atención Primaria de Salud porque se identifican con la profesión.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de comprometimento e entrincheiramento com a carreira de trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 393 trabalhadores, utilizando as versões brasileiras das Escalas de Comprometimento com a Carreira (ECC) e de Entrincheiramento na Carreira (EEC). Resultados: Os níveis de Comprometimento [75,5 - 77,5] foram superiores (p<0,001) aos de Entrincheiramento [66,7 - 69,2]. Os níveis de Identidade [82,7 - 85,5] foram superiores (p<0,001) aos níveis de Investimentos [60,4 - 65,0]. Os níveis de Resiliência com a carreira [75,1 - 79,2] foram superiores (p<0,001) aos níveis de Custos emocionais com a carreira [69,0 - 72,1]. Os níveis de Planejamento [64,2 - 67,1] foram inferiores (p<0,001) aos níveis de Limitação de alternativas [68,1 - 71,0]. Conclusão: Predominou o vínculo de comprometimento com a carreira, evidenciando identificação e relação positiva dos trabalhadores com a carreira, os quais permanecem na Atenção Primária à Saúde porque se identificam com a profissão.

Prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Prevalence of anxiety and depression in Brazilian Primary Health Care workers

Resumo Introdução A atualização da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica em Saúde, em 2017, trouxe importantes retrocessos para o sistema de saúde brasileiro, dificultando a atuação profissional e favorecendo o adoecimento psíquico dos trabalhadores. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde. Método Estudo transversal, realizado em 2017, em um município de grande porte do interior paulista. Foram avaliados 173 profissionais das equipes da Atenção Primária à Saúde, utilizando um questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais; o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI); e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Resultados A ansiedade esteve presente em 45,3% dos profissionais, sendo 25,0% com ansiedade leve, 9,9% com ansiedade moderada e 10,5% com ansiedade grave. A depressão esteve presente 41,0% dos profissionais, sendo 28,9% com depressão leve e 12,1% com depressão moderada. Houve maior prevalência de ansiedade (17,3%) e de depressão (28,3%) entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e menor prevalência de ansiedade (1,2%) e de depressão (0,6%) entre médicos. Conclusão Há uma prevalência elevada de ansiedade e depressão em profissionais da Atenção Primária em Saúde, especialmente em agentes comunitários de saúde. Os gestores municipais devem implementar medidas de atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores, bem como garantir condições de trabalho favoráveis, para evitar o adoecimento dos profissionais.

Abstract Introduction The update of the National Primary Health Care in 2017 brought important setbacks to the Brazilian health system, hindering professional performance and favoring the psychological illness of workers. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in primary health care workers. Method This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 in a large city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. We evaluated 173 professionals from Primary Health Care teams, using a questionnaire with sociodemographic and professional variables; the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results Anxiety was present in 45.3% of the professionals, with 25.0% having mild anxiety, 9.9% having moderate anxiety, and 10.5% having severe anxiety. Depression was present in 41.0% of professionals, 28.9% with mild depression, and 12.1% with moderate depression. There was a higher prevalence of anxiety (17.3%) and depression (28.3%) among community health workers and a lower prevalence of anxiety (1.2%) and depression (0.6%) among doctors. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in Primary Health Care professionals, especially in community health workers. Municipal managers should implement measures to care for workers' health, as well as ensure favorable working conditions, to prevent the professionals from becoming ill.

Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy: Two staining methods from bacilloscopy and rapid ml flow test.

Background: The diagnosis of leprosy is based on the characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease, subsidized by laboratory tests. When positive, the bacilloscopy closes the diagnosis for leprosy. Phenolic glycolipid-I, or PGL-I, is a molecule in the bacillus cell wall that confers a greater immune response. The ML Flow test is an immunochromatographic test for the detection of anti-PGL-I IgM in human blood or serum. Methods: A prospective study with data collection and biological materials in patients with suspected leprosy from August 2020 to May 2021. For microscopy, intradermal smears were stained with Auramine O, and after reading under a fluorescence microscope, reviewed by Ziehl-Neelsen. The ML flow test was performed according to the Bührer-Sékula protocol. To assess the agreement between the methods, the Kappa index was estimated. Results: Of the 94 suspected leprosy patients, 31 (32.9%) were diagnosed with leprosy. There was moderate agreement between the results of the ML Flow and Auramine O tests (Kappa = 0.58) and substantial agreement between the ML Flow and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy (Kappa = 0.72). In paucibacillary cases, serology was positive in 100% of patients. Conclusions: This study concluded that the Ziehl-Neelsen technique remains the best option for standard leprosy staining, and the ML flow test is more positive among the three techniques evaluated and can be an effective tool in the early diagnosis of leprosy cases.

Análise do engajamento no trabalho em agentes comunitários de saúde no período pré-pandêmico / Analysis of work engagement in community health agents in the pre-pandemic period / Análisis del compromiso laboral entre los trabajadores de salud comunitarios en el período prepandémico

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os níveis de engajamento no trabalho em agentes comunitários de saúde, no período pré-pandêmico. Método:estudo transversal, realizado em 2017, com 85 agentes comunitários de saúde, utilizando-se a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), composta por dezessete itens de autoavaliação e três dimensões: vigor, dedicação e absorção. Os escores foram calculados conforme modelo estatístico proposto no Manual Preliminar UWES. Resultados: os níveis de engajamento no trabalho variaramde 3,3 a 3,5, classificados como médios. Profissionais que nunca pensaram em desistir da profissão e aqueles que se referiram satisfeitos com a profissão apresentaram escores altos nas dimensões Vigor (4,6±1,1 e 4,1±1,3) e Dedicação (4,2±1,2 e 4,1±1,2). Conclusão:os resultados evidenciaram a presença de situações de risco que podem interferir no desempenho laboral dos agentes comunitários de saúde. Ao quantificar os níveis de vigor, dedicação e absorção, o engajamento no trabalho torna-se um constructo importante para a avaliação das relações laborais dos profissionais com o trabalho, reforçando a necessidade e a importância de implementação de ações de valorização profissional.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the levels of work engagement among community health workers in the pre-pandemic period.Method: cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 with 85 community health workers, using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), composed of seventeen self-assessment items and three dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption. The scores were calculated according to the statistical model proposed in the UWES Preliminary Manual.Results: the levels of work engagement ranged from 3.3 to 3.5, classified as average. Professionals who never thought of giving up their profession and those who reported being satisfied with their profession showed high scores in the dimensions Vigor (4.6±1.1 and 4.1±1.3) and Dedication (4.2±1.2 and 4.1±1.2). Conclusion: the results showed the presence of risk situations that can interfere with the work performance of community health agents. By quantifying the levels of vigor, dedication, and absorption, work engagement becomes an important construct for the evaluation of the professionals' labor relations with work, reinforcing the need and importance of implementing professional valorization actions.

RESUMEN Objetivo:avaliar los niveles de compromiso laboral de los trabajadores de salud comunitarios en el período prepandémico. Método:estudio transversal, realizado en 2017, con 85 trabajadores de salud comunitarios, utilizando la Escala de Compromiso Laboral de Utrecht (UWES), que consta de diecisiete ítems de autoevaluación y tres dimensiones: vigor, dedicación y absorción. Los puntajes se calcularon de acuerdo con el modelo estadístico propuesto en el Manual Preliminar de UWES. Resultados:los niveles de engagement en el trabajo oscilaron entre 3,3 y 3,5, clasificado como medio. Los profesionales que nunca pensaron en dejar la profesión y los que informaron estar satisfechos con la profesión obtuvieron puntuaciones altas en las dimensiones Vigor (4,6 ± 1,1 y 4,1 ±1,3) y Dedicación (4,2 ± 1,2 y 4,1 ± 1,2). Conclusión:los resultados mostraron la presencia de situaciones de riesgo que pueden interferir con el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud. Al cuantificar los niveles de vigor, dedicacióny absorción, el engagement en el trabajo se convierte en un constructo importante para la valoración de las relaciones laborales del profesional con el trabajo, reforzando la necesidad e importancia de implementar acciones de desarrollo profesional.

Career commitment and entrenchment among Primary Care nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To assess career commitment and entrenchment among Primary Care nurses. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2018, with primary care nurses from two cities in the state of São Paulo. The Career Commitment and Entrenchment Scales, validated in Brazil, and consisting of 12 items each, were used, and assess: identity, resilience, and planning, related to commitment; emotional costs, investments, and limitation of career alternatives, related to entrenchment. RESULTS: The mean score of career commitment (61.4 points) was higher than that of career entrenchment (57.8 points); the identity factor had a high level (70.9 points); resilience and career planning obtained medium levels (62.5 and 50.8 points, respectively). Career entrenchment (57.8 points) and its respective factors reached medium levels (investments: 57.7 points; limitation of alternatives: 58.8 points; emotional costs: 57.0 points). CONCLUSION: The nurses showed a predominance of the career commitment relationship, as they showed a greater link of identification and positive relationship than of career stagnation.

Career commitment and career entrenchment among Primary Health Care workers.

OBJECTIVE: Assess levels of career commitment and career entrenchment among Primary Health Care workers. METHODS: This Cross-sectional study addressed 393 workers using the Brazilian versions of the Career Commitment Measure (CCM) and Career Entrenchment Measure (CEM). RESULTS: Levels of Career commitment [75.5-77.5] were higher (p<0.001) than Career Entrenchment [66.7-69.2]. Identity levels [82.7-85.5] were higher (p<0.001) than Investment levels [60.4-65.0]. Career resilience levels [75.1-79.2] were higher (p<0.001) than Emotional costs [69.0-72.1]. Planning levels [64.2-67.1] were lower (p<0.001) than levels of limitedness of career alternatives [68.1-71.0]. CONCLUSION: The highest scores were obtained in Career commitment, showing the workers' identification and positive relationship with their careers, that is, these workers remain in Primary Health Care services because they identify themselves with their professions.

Estresse ocupacional, work engagement e estratégias de enfrentamento em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde / Occupational stress, work engagement and coping strategies in Community Health Workers

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar os níveis de estresse ocupacional, work engagement e estratégias de enfrentamento em agentes comunitários de saúde. Métodos estudo transversal com 133 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Foram utilizados um questionário com variáveis socioeconômicas e profissionais, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho, a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale e a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas. Resultados o escore médio do estresse ocupacional foi 2,7. Os níveis de work engagement foram altos para dedicação (4,0), vigor (4,3) e escore geral (4,0). Destacaram-se os modos de enfrentamento Focalizados no Problema (3,9;±0,6) e Baseados na busca de práticas religiosas e pensamento fantasioso (3,4;±0,7). Conclusão há um percentual elevado de profissionais com estresse ocupacional importante. Os níveis de work engagement foram médios para a absorção e altos para dedicação, vigor e escore geral. As estratégias de enfrentamento estão voltadas para a focalização na resolução do problema, práticas religiosas e pensamentos fantasiosos de caráter positivo.

ABSTRACT Objectives to evaluate the levels of occupational stress, work engagement, and coping strategies among community health workers. Methods cross-sectional study with 133 Community Health Workers. We used a questionnaire with socioeconomic and professional variables, the Work Stress Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Coping Modes Scale. Results The mean occupational stress score was 2.7. Work engagement levels were high for dedication (4.0), vigor (4.3), and overall score (4.0). Problem-focused coping modes (3.9; ±0.6) and based on religious practices and fantasy thinking (3.4; ±0.7) stood out. Conclusion there is a high percentage of professionals with significant occupational stress. The levels of work engagement were medium for absorption and high for dedication, vigor, and overall score. The coping strategies are focused on problem solving, religious practices and fanciful thoughts of positive character.

Ansiedade, depressão e work engagement em profissionais de enfermagem da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Anxiety, depression, and work engagement in Primary Health Care nursing professionals

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e work engagement em profissionais de enfermagem da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional com profissionais de enfermagem das Unidades de Saúde da Família. Utilizaram-se o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck; o Inventário de Depressão de Beck; e a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale . Resultados observaram-se destaques para ansiedade moderada entre enfermeiros e ansiedade leve para auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem; e para depressão leve entre enfermeiros e auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem. Ansiedade e depressão se correlacionaram positiva e moderadamente (r:0,562; p=0,000). Os profissionais apresentaram níveis altos de work engagement . Conclusão evidenciaram-se níveis importantes de ansiedade e depressão presentes entre profissionais com indicação de avanço para níveis que comprometem a saúde e a qualidade de vida. Apesar do comprometimento na saúde mental, os profissionais se mostram dispostos para o trabalho e com importante capacidade de resiliência.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the levels of anxiety, depression, and work engagement among nursing professionals in Primary Health Care. Methods cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study with nursing professionals from Family Health Units. We used: the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory; and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Results we observed moderate anxiety among nurses and mild anxiety among nursing assistants/technicians; and mild depression among nurses and nursing assistants/technicians. Anxiety and depression were positively and moderately correlated (r:0.562; p=0.000). The professionals presented elevated levels of work engagement. Conclusion important levels of anxiety and depression were evidenced among professionals, indicating progress to levels that compromise health and quality of life. Despite the compromised mental health, the professionals showed willingness to work and an important resilience capacity.

Career commitment and entrenchment among Primary Care nurses / Compromiso y atrincheramiento con la carrera entre enfermeros de la Atención Primaria / Comprometimento e entrincheiramento com a carreira entre enfermeiros da Atenção Primária

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess career commitment and entrenchment among Primary Care nurses. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2018, with primary care nurses from two cities in the state of São Paulo. The Career Commitment and Entrenchment Scales, validated in Brazil, and consisting of 12 items each, were used, and assess: identity, resilience, and planning, related to commitment; emotional costs, investments, and limitation of career alternatives, related to entrenchment. Results: The mean score of career commitment (61.4 points) was higher than that of career entrenchment (57.8 points); the identity factor had a high level (70.9 points); resilience and career planning obtained medium levels (62.5 and 50.8 points, respectively). Career entrenchment (57.8 points) and its respective factors reached medium levels (investments: 57.7 points; limitation of alternatives: 58.8 points; emotional costs: 57.0 points). Conclusion: The nurses showed a predominance of the career commitment relationship, as they showed a greater link of identification and positive relationship than of career stagnation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el compromiso y el atrincheramiento con la carrera entre enfermeros de cuidados de la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: Ha sido realizado un estudio transversal en 2018, con enfermeros de la atención primaria de dos ciudades paulistas. Se utilizaron las Escalas de Compromiso y de Atrincheramiento con la Carrera, convalidadas en Brasil, y compuesta por 12 temas cada, que evalúan: identidad, resiliencia y planificación, relacionados al compromiso; costos emocionales, inversiones y limitación de alternativas en la carrera, referentes al atrincheramiento. Resultados: El score promedio del compromiso (61,4 puntos) fue mayor del que el de atrincheramiento con la carrera (57,8 puntos); el factor identidad obtuvo nivel alto (70,9 puntos); resiliencia y planificación en la carrera obtuvieron niveles medios (62,5 y 50,8 puntos, respectivamente). El atrincheramiento con la carrera (57,8 puntos) y sus respectivos factores obtuvieron niveles medios (inversiones: 57,7 puntos; limitación de alternativas: 58,8 puntos; costos emocionales: 57,0 puntos). Conclusión: Los enfermeros presentaron en mayor proporción gran vínculo de compromiso con la carrera, una vez que presentaron mayor vínculo de identificación y relación positiva, más que de estagnación con la carrera.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o comprometimento e o entrincheiramento com a carreira entre enfermeiros de serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em 2018, com enfermeiros da atenção primária de dois municípios paulistas. Foram utilizadas as Escalas de Comprometimento e de Entrincheiramento com a Carreira, validadas no Brasil, e composta por 12 itens cada, que avaliam: identidade, resiliência e planejamento, relacionados ao comprometimento; custos emocionais, investimentos e limitação de alternativas na carreira, referentes ao entrincheiramento. Resultados: O escore médio do comprometimento (61,4 pontos) foi maior do que o de entrincheiramento com a carreira (57,8 pontos); o fator identidade obteve nível alto (70,9 pontos); resiliência e planejamento na carreira obtiveram níveis médios (62,5 e 50,8 pontos, respectivamente). O entrincheiramento com a carreira (57,8 pontos) e seus respectivos fatores atingiram níveis médios (investimentos: 57,7 pontos; limitação de alternativas: 58,8 pontos; custos emocionais: 57,0 pontos). Conclusão: Os enfermeiros apresentaram predomínio do vínculo de comprometimento com a carreira, pois apresentaram maior vínculo de identificação e relação positiva do que de estagnação com a carreira.

Quality of life and osteomuscular symptoms in workers of primary health care.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the quality of life and musculoskeletal symptoms in primary care workers. METHODS: descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study with 85 workers using the WHOQOL-Bref and Nordic Osteomuscular Symptoms Questionnaire. RESULTS: lower quality of life for the Environment domain and higher for Social Relationships. Workers reported pain in lower back, neck, shoulders, wrists/hands/fingers and knees. Neck pain influenced Physical (p=0.015) and Psychological (p=0.030) domains; shoulder pain (p=0.004) and dorsal region (p=0.013) influenced the Physical domain; pain in knees influenced Physical (p=0.000) and Environment (p=0.032) domains; pain in the ankles/feet influenced Physical (p=0.000), Psychological (p=0.032) and Environment (p=0.007) domains; pain in the dorsal region influenced the Physical domain (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: workers evaluated their quality of life as good or very good and reported to be satisfied or very satisfied with their health. They also reported pains in lower back, neck, shoulders, wrists/hands/fingers and knees. Pain has influenced the quality of life.

Engagement in primary health care nurses: A cross-sectional study in a Brazilian city.

OBJECTIVE: Professional engagement is an indicator of the relationship between a nurse and the work environment and is an important factor in performance and productivity. The goal of this study was to evaluate levels of engagement among nurses in primary health care units. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a city of São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2017, using an instrument containing sociodemographic variables and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). RESULTS: In the sample of 75 nurses, the majority were female (94.7%), aged between 29 and 39 (52.0%), specialists (81.3%), married (57.3%), permanent employees (68.0%), working 40 hr per week (98.7%), and working in primary health care for 3-10 years (42.7%). Engagement levels were classified as high in all dimensions. Nurses who worked as managers presented a very high level of dedication; professionals aged 40 years or older presented very high levels in all dimensions (Dedication: 5.2; Absorption: 5.0; Vigor: 5.3; and Overall score: 5.1); and professionals with more than 10 years of experience in primary health care had very high levels in all dimensions (Dedication: 5.0; Absorption: 5.0; Vigor: 5.0; and Overall score: 5.0). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses working in Brazil's primary health care system have high engagement and ability to act; they enhance team performance and quality and effectiveness of care provided.

Efeitos adversos no tratamento da tuberculose / Adverse effects in the treatment of tuberculosis

Objetivo: Analisar ocorrências de efeitos adversos relacionados a medicamentos no tratamento de tuberculose e sua associação com variáveis clínicas e desfecho. Método: Estudo transversal com 63 casos de tuberculose tratados no Ambulatório de Tuberculose e Hanseníase de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2015. Utilizou-se análise de frequência e teste qui-quadrado com correção de Monte Carlo. Resultados: Os efeitos adversos iniciaram-se antes do terceiro mês de tratamento; efeitos menores foram mais frequentes, com predomínio de irritação gástrica. Houve associação entre conduta médica e efeitos adversos (p = 0,009). Conclusão: Efeitos adversos causados pelos medicamentos podem prejudicar o desfecho clínico devido ao risco de abandono do tratamento. Profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos aos sinais e sintomas relacionados aos efeitos adversos, implementando condutas necessárias para neutralizar ou diminuir as queixas, visando adesão ao tratamento e cura da doença. (AU)

Objective: To analyze occurrences of drug-related adverse effects in treatment of tuberculosis and its association with clinical variables and outcome. Method: Cross-sectional study with 63 cases of tuberculosis treated at Tuberculosis and Leprosy Outpatient Clinic of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, from 2010 to 2015. We used frequency analysis and chi-square test with Monte Carlo correction. Results: Adverse effects started before the third month of treatment; effects were more frequent, with predominance of gastric irritation. There was association between medical conduct and adverse effects (p=0.009). Conclusion: Adverse effects caused by medications may impair the clinical outcome due to risk of treatment withdrawal. Health professionals should be alert to signs and symptoms related to adverse effects, implementing the necessary behaviors to neutralize or reduce complaints, aiming adherence to treatment and cure of the disease. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos adversos relacionados con medicamentos en tratamiento de la tuberculosis y su asociación con variables clínicas y desenlace. Método: Estudio transversal con 63 casos de tuberculosis tratados en Ambulatorio de Tuberculosis y Hanseniasis de São José Rio Preto, São Paulo, en período de 2010 a 2015. Se utilizó análisis de frecuencia y prueba chi-cuadrado con corrección de Monte Carlo. Los efectos adversos se iniciaron antes del tercer mes de tratamiento; los efectos menores fueron más frecuentes, con predominio de irritación gástrica. Se observó asociación entre conducta médica y efectos adversos (p=0,009). Resultados: Los efectos adversos causados por medicamentos pueden perjudicar el resultado clínico debido al riesgo de abandono del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de salud deben estar atentos a los signos y síntomas relacionados con efectos adversos, implementando conductas necesarias para neutralizar o disminuir las quejas, visando adhesión al tratamiento y cura de la enfermedad. (AU)

Quality of life and osteomuscular symptoms in workers of primary health care / Calidad de vida y síntomas osteomusculares en trabajadores de la atención primaria / Qualidade de vida e sintomas osteomusculares em trabalhadores da atenção primária

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the quality of life and musculoskeletal symptoms in primary care workers. Methods: descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study with 85 workers using the WHOQOL-Bref and Nordic Osteomuscular Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: lower quality of life for the Environment domain and higher for Social Relationships. Workers reported pain in lower back, neck, shoulders, wrists/hands/fingers and knees. Neck pain influenced Physical (p=0.015) and Psychological (p=0.030) domains; shoulder pain (p=0.004) and dorsal region (p=0.013) influenced the Physical domain; pain in knees influenced Physical (p=0.000) and Environment (p=0.032) domains; pain in the ankles/feet influenced Physical (p=0.000), Psychological (p=0.032) and Environment (p=0.007) domains; pain in the dorsal region influenced the Physical domain (p=0.013). Conclusions: workers evaluated their quality of life as good or very good and reported to be satisfied or very satisfied with their health. They also reported pains in lower back, neck, shoulders, wrists/hands/fingers and knees. Pain has influenced the quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la calidad de vida y síntomas osteomusculares en trabajadores de atención primaria. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, correlacional y transversal con 85 trabajadores, utilizando el WHOQOL-Bref y el Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas Osteomusculares. Resultados: menor calidad de vida para dominio Medio Ambiente y mayor para Relaciones Sociales. Trabajadores indicaron dolor en región lumbar, cuello, hombros, puños/manos/dedos y rodillas. El dolor en cuello influenció los dominios Físicos (p=0,015) y Psicológico (p=0,030); dolor en hombros (p=0,004) y región dorsal (p=0,013) influenció el dominio Físico; dolor en rodillas influenció los dominios Físicos (p=0,000) y Medio Ambiente (p = 0,032); dolor en tobillos/pies influenció los dominios Físicos (p=0,000), Psicológico (p=0,032) y Medio Ambiente (p=0,007); dolor en región dorsal influenció el dominio Físico (p=0,013). Conclusiones: trabajadores evaluaron calidad de vida como buena o muy buena y se refirieron satisfechos o muy satisfechos con salud. También indicaron dolor en región lumbar, cuello, hombros, puños/manos/dedos y rodillas. El dolor influenció la calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar qualidade de vida e sintomas osteomusculares em trabalhadores da atenção primária. Métodos: estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal com 85 trabalhadores, utilizando o WHOQOL-Bref e Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Resultados: menor qualidade de vida para domínio Meio Ambiente e maior, para Relações Sociais. Trabalhadores referiram dores na lombar, pescoço, ombros, punhos/mãos/dedos e joelhos. Dor no pescoço influenciou domínios Físico (p=0,015) e Psicológico (p=0,030); dor nos ombros (p=0,004) e região dorsal (p=0,013) influenciaram domínio Físico; dor nos joelhos influenciou domínios Físico (p=0,000) e Meio Ambiente (p=0,032); dor nos tornozelos/pés influenciou domínios Físico (p=0,000), Psicológico (p=0,032) e Meio Ambiente (p=0,007); dor na região dorsal influenciou domínio Físico (p=0,013). Conclusões: trabalhadores avaliaram qualidade de vida como boa ou muito boa e referiram-se satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos com a saúde; referiram dores na região lombar, pescoço, ombros, punhos/mãos/dedos e joelhos. A dor influenciou a qualidade de vida.

Occupational stress and engagement in primary health care workers / Estrés ocupacional y engagement en trabajadores de atención primaria a la salud / Estresse ocupacional e engagement em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate levels of occupational stress and work engagement among primary health care workers. Method: A descriptive, correlational and transversal study was carried out in a small municipality in the countryside of São Paulo, with a non-probabilistic sample of convenience, with 85 workers. Three self-applied instruments were used: one developed by researchers, containing sociodemographic variables; Work Stress Scale (WSS) and Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results: Prevalence of women (72.6%), 40 years old or more (45.9%), 4 years and 4 months of mean working time in primary care. Thirty-one workers (36.5%) presented significant stress (scores ≥2.5). Work engagement showed a mean of 4.1 (±1.2) to 4.4 (±1.4), classified as high in all dimensions. Occupational stress and work engagement correlated negatively. Conclusion: Workers presented high levels of work engagement; more than one-third had significant occupational stress. Workers with high levels of occupational stress tend to have lower work engagement.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar niveles de estrés ocupacional y engagement en trabajadores de la atención primaria de salud. Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, en municipio de pequeño porte del interior paulista, con muestra no probabilística, de conveniencia, con 85 trabajadores. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos auto aplicables: uno elaborado por los investigadores, conteniendo variables sociodemográficas; Escala de Estrés en el trabajo (EET) y Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Resultados: Prevalencia del sexo femenino (72,6%), 40 años o más (45,9%), tiempo mediano de actuación en la atención primaria de 4 años y 4 meses. Treinta y un trabajadores (36,5%) presentaron estrés importante (puntuaciones ≥2,5). Engagement presentó promedios de 4,1 (±1,2) a 4,4 (±1,4), clasificado como alto en todas las dimensiones. El estrés ocupacional y el engagement se correlacionaron negativamente. Conclusión: Los trabajadores presentaron altos niveles de engagement; más de un tercio presentó estrés ocupacional importante. Los trabajadores con altos niveles de estrés ocupacional tienden a tener engagement más bajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar níveis de estresse ocupacional e engagement em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal, em município de pequeno porte do interior paulista, com amostra não probabilística, de conveniência, com 85 trabalhadores. Foram utilizados três instrumentos autoaplicáveis: um elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas; Escala de Estresse no Trabalho (EET); e Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Resultados: Prevalência do sexo feminino (72,6%), 40 anos ou mais (45,9%), tempo mediano de atuação na atenção primária de 4 anos e 4 meses. Trinta e um trabalhadores (36,5%) apresentaram estresse importante (escores ≥2,5). Engagement apresentou médias de 4,1 (±1,2) a 4,4 (±1,4), classificado como alto em todas as dimensões. Estresse ocupacional e engagement se correlacionaram negativamente. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores apresentaram altos níveis de engagement; mais de um terço apresentou estresse ocupacional importante. Trabalhadores com elevados níveis de estresse ocupacional tendem a ter engagement mais baixo.

Occupational stress and engagement in primary health care workers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate levels of occupational stress and work engagement among primary health care workers. METHOD: A descriptive, correlational and transversal study was carried out in a small municipality in the countryside of São Paulo, with a non-probabilistic sample of convenience, with 85 workers. Three self-applied instruments were used: one developed by researchers, containing sociodemographic variables; Work Stress Scale (WSS) and Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). RESULTS: Prevalence of women (72.6%), 40 years old or more (45.9%), 4 years and 4 months of mean working time in primary care. Thirty-one workers (36.5%) presented significant stress (scores ≥2.5). Work engagement showed a mean of 4.1 (±1.2) to 4.4 (±1.4), classified as high in all dimensions. Occupational stress and work engagement correlated negatively. CONCLUSION: Workers presented high levels of work engagement; more than one-third had significant occupational stress. Workers with high levels of occupational stress tend to have lower work engagement.

Engagement of multi-professional residents in health.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of engagement of multi-professional health residents of a higher education institution in the northwest of São Paulo. METHOD: A cross-sectional census study in which the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was used to identify the level of relationship with work (Total score) through 17 questions distributed in the Vigor, Dedication and Absorption dimensions. RESULTS: Participation of 50 professionals, of which 92.0% were female, median age of 24 years, 88.0% were single; 82.0% were satisfied with the program, and 56.0% had thought of giving up. Professionals satisfied with the program had high levels for Total Score (4.0) and Dedication (4.5), and average levels for Absorption (3.9) and Vigor (3.8). Those who reported dissatisfaction had average levels in all dimensions (Vigor: 3.2, Absorption: 3.5, Dedication: 3.5) and in the Total score (3.2), which are considered positive results. CONCLUSION: Professionals presented good levels of engagement in spite of dissatisfactions with the program. The results showed a good relationship between professionals and preceptors and supervisors, which reinforces that support and recognition of professional performance are important for strengthening the engagement, especially at the beginning of the career.

Estresse ocupacional e engajamento em profissionais de saúde bucal / Occupational stress and engagement in oral health professionals / Estrés laboral y compromiso de profesionales de salud bucal

Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de estresse ocupacional e engajamento em profissionais de saúde bucal de unidades da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e transversal, realizado com profissionais da saúde bucal das unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, em 2017. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos autoaplicáveis: um elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Os níveis de estresse ocupacional e engajamento foram calculados segundo modelo estatístico proposto pelos instrumentos e, para a análise, utilizou-se teste de correlação de Pearson, considerando significância de 95%. Resultados: Participaram 31 profissionais, sendo 20 (64,5%) cirurgiões-dentistas e 11 (35,5%) auxiliares de saúde bucal. Houve prevalência do sexo feminino (n=21; 67,7%), faixa etária de 40 anos ou mais (n=14; 45,2%), casados (n=26; 83,9%), concursados/estatutários (n=16; 51,6%), com carga horária semanal de 40 horas (n=23; 74,2%), sem outra atividade remunerada (n=19; 61,3%), três a dez anos de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde (n=13; 41,9%) e satisfeitos com a profissão (n=28; 90,3%). A amostra não apresentou níveis importantes de estresse, mas nove (29,0%) profissionais obtiveram escores compatíveis com estresse importante (>2,5). Os profissionais apresentaram níveis altos de engajamento em todas as dimensões. Estresse ocupacional e engajamento se correlacionam negativamente. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores apresentaram altos níveis de engajamento. Estresse ocupacional e engajamento tendem a ser inversamente proporcionais.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of occupational stress and engagement in oral health professionals from Primary Health Care units. Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study conducted with oral health professionals from Primary Health Care units in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, in 2017. We used three self-applied instruments: one developed by the researchers, containing sociodemographic and professional variables, the Stress at Work Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Occupational stress and engagement levels were calculated according to the statistical model proposed by the instruments and, for the analysis, Pearson's correlation test was used, considering the significance of 95%. Results: 31 professionals participated, being 20 (64.5%) dental surgeons and 11 (35.5%) oral health auxiliaries. There was a prevalence of females (n = 21; 67.7%), aged 40 years or older (n = 14; 45.2%), married (n = 26; 83.9%), hired / statutory ( n = 16; 51.6%), with a weekly workload of 40 hours (n = 23; 74.2%), without any other paid activity (n = 19; 61.3%), three to ten years of experience in the Primary Health Care (n = 13; 41.9%) and satisfied with the profession (n = 28; 90.3%). The sample did not show significant stress levels, but nine (29.0%) professionals obtained scores compatible with significant stress (> 2.5). Professionals had high levels of engagement in all dimensions. Occupational stress and engagement correlate negatively. Conclusion: Workers had high levels of engagement. Occupational stress and engagement tend to be inversely proportional.

Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de estrés laboral y compromiso de profesionales de salud bucal de unidades de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de correlación y transversal realizado con profesionales de salud bucal de las unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, en 2017. Se ha utilizado tres instrumentos auto aplicables: uno de ellos ha sido elaborado por los investigadores con variables sociodemográficas y profesionales, la Escala de Estrés en el Trabajo y la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Los niveles del estrés laboral y del compromiso han sido calculados según el modelo estadístico propuesto por los instrumentos y para el análisis se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Pearson con significancia del 95%. Resultados: Participaron 31 profesionales siendo 20 (64,5%) cirujanos-dentistas y 11 (35,5%) auxiliares de salud bucal. Hubo prevalencia para el sexo femenino (n=21; 67,7%), la franja de edad de 40 años o más (n=14; 45,2%), casados (n=26; 83,9%), concursantes/estatutarios (n=16; 51,6%), con 40 horas semanales de trabajo (n=23; 74,2%), sin otra actividad remunerada (n=19; 61,3%), entre tres y diez años de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud (n=13; 41,9%) y satisfechos con la profesión (n=28; 90,3%). La muestra no ha presentado niveles importantes de estrés pero nueve (29,0%) profesionales tuvieron puntuaciones compatibles con el estrés importante (>2,5). Los profesionales presentaron niveles altos de compromiso para todas las dimensiones investigadas. El estrés laboral y el compromiso se han correlacionado de manera negativa.

Engagement of multi-professional residents in health / Engagement de residentes multiprofesionales en salud / Engagement de residentes multiprofissionais em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the levels of engagement of multi-professional health residents of a higher education institution in the northwest of São Paulo. Method: A cross-sectional census study in which the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was used to identify the level of relationship with work (Total score) through 17 questions distributed in the Vigor, Dedication and Absorption dimensions. Results: Participation of 50 professionals, of which 92.0% were female, median age of 24 years, 88.0% were single; 82.0% were satisfied with the program, and 56.0% had thought of giving up. Professionals satisfied with the program had high levels for Total Score (4.0) and Dedication (4.5), and average levels for Absorption (3.9) and Vigor (3.8). Those who reported dissatisfaction had average levels in all dimensions (Vigor: 3.2, Absorption: 3.5, Dedication: 3.5) and in the Total score (3.2), which are considered positive results. Conclusion: Professionals presented good levels of engagement in spite of dissatisfactions with the program. The results showed a good relationship between professionals and preceptors and supervisors, which reinforces that support and recognition of professional performance are important for strengthening the engagement, especially at the beginning of the career.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de engagement (compromiso) de residentes multiprofesionales en salud de un centro de enseñanza superior del noroeste del Estado de São Paulo. Método: Estudio censal transversal, que utilizó la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale para identificar el nivel de relación con el trabajo (Score general) por medio de 17 cuestiones distribuidas en las dimensiones Vigor, Dedicación y Absorción. Resultados: Participaron 50 profesionales. El 92,0% del sexo femenino, edad mediana de 24 años, el 88,0% solteros; el 82,0% se refirieron satisfechos con el programa; y el 56,0% ya pensaron en desistir. Los profesionales satisfechos con el programa presentaron Score general (4,0) y Dedicación (4,5) altos, y niveles medios de Absorción (3,9) y Vigor (3,8). Los que se refirieron insatisfechos presentaron niveles medios en todas las dimensiones (Vigor: 3,2; Absorción: 3,5; Dedicación: 3,5) y en el Score general (3,2), resultados considerados positivos. Conclusión: Los profesionales presentaron buenos niveles de engagement, aun habiendo insatisfacciones con el programa. Los resultados mostraron buena relación de los profesionales con preceptores y supervisores, reforzando que el apoyo y el reconocimiento del desempeño de los profesionales son importantes para el fortalecimiento del engagement, especialmente en el inicio de la carrera.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de engagement de residentes multiprofissionais em saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior do noroeste paulista. Método: Estudo censitário transversal, que utilizou a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale para identificar o nível de relação com o trabalho (Escore geral) por meio de 17 questões distribuídas nas dimensões Vigor, Dedicação e Absorção. Resultados: Participaram 50 profissionais. 92,0% do sexo feminino, idade mediana de 24 anos, 88,0% solteiros; 82,0% referiram-se satisfeitos com o programa, e 56,0% já pensaram em desistir. Os profissionais satisfeitos com o programa apresentaram Escore geral (4,0) e Dedicação (4,5) altos, e níveis médios de Absorção (3,9) e Vigor (3,8). Os que se referiram insatisfeitos apresentaram níveis médios em todas as dimensões (Vigor: 3,2; Absorção: 3,5; Dedicação: 3,5) e no o Escore geral (3,2), resultados considerados positivos. Conclusão: Os profissionais apresentaram bons níveis de engagement, mesmo havendo insatisfações com o programa. Os resultados mostraram boa relação dos profissionais com preceptores e supervisores, reforçando que o apoio e o reconhecimento do desempenho dos profissionais são importantes para o fortalecimento do engagement, principalmente no início da carreira.